(1) Kungxamisekile ukunciphisa ungcoliseko lweplastiki
Ingxaki eyandayo yongcoliseko lweplastiki isongela impilo yabantu kwaye ifuna ukusonjululwa ngokucokisekileyo, nto leyo eye yaba yimvumelwano yoluntu.Ngokutsho kwe "Ukusuka kuNgcoliseko ukuya kwiZisombululo: uVavanyo lwehlabathi jikelele lweLitha yaseLwandle kunye noNgcoliseko lwePlastiki" olukhutshwe yiNkqubo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ngokusiNgqongileyo ngo-Okthobha ka-2021, ukusuka kwi-1950 ukuya kwi-2017, iyonke i-9.2 yeebhiliyoni zeetoni zeemveliso zeplastiki zaveliswa kwihlabathi jikelele, malunga nazo. 70 Amakhulu ezigidi zeetoni abe yinkunkuma yeplastiki, kwaye izinga lehlabathi lokurisayikilishwa kwale nkunkuma yeplastiki lingaphantsi kwe-10%.Uphononongo lwezenzululwazi olupapashwe ngo-2018 yiBritish "Royal Society Open Science" lubonise ukuba inkunkuma yeplastiki yangoku elwandle ifikelele kwi-75 yezigidi ukuya kwi-199 yezigidi zeetoni, ibalwa kwi-85% yobunzima bubonke benkunkuma yaselwandle.
Isixa esikhulu kangaka senkunkuma yeplastiki sivakalise i-alamu ebantwini.Ukuba amanyathelo ongenelelo asebenzayo awathathwa, kuqikelelwa ukuba ngo-2040, isixa senkunkuma yeplastiki engena kwimizi yamanzi iya kuphinda iphindwe kathathu ukuya kwi-23-37 yezigidi zeetoni ngonyaka.
Inkunkuma yePlastiki ayibangeli nje ingozi enkulu kwi-ikhosistim yolwandle kunye ne-ikhosistim yasemhlabeni, kodwa ikwanyusa utshintsho lwemozulu yehlabathi.Okubaluleke ngakumbi, ii-microplastics kunye nezongezo zazo zinokuchaphazela kakhulu impilo yabantu.Ukuba akukho manyathelo asebenzayo kunye neemveliso ezizezinye, imveliso yabantu kunye nobomi buya kusongelwa kakhulu.
Kungxamisekile ukunciphisa ungcoliseko lweplastiki.Uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe lukhuphe ngokulandelelana imigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo yokuvalwa kunye nokunciphisa iiplastiki, kwaye yaphakamisa ithayimthebhile yokuvalwa kunye nokunciphisa iiplastiki.
Ngo-2019, iPalamente yaseYurophu ivotele kakhulu ukuba ipasise ukuvalwa kweeplastiki, kwaye iya kuphunyezwa ngokupheleleyo ngo-2021, oko kukuthi, ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kweentlobo ezili-10 zetafile yeplastiki elahlayo, i-cotton swabs yeplastiki, izitro zeplastiki kunye neentonga zeplastiki ezishukumisayo. .Iimveliso zeplastiki zesondo.
I-China yakhupha "Izimvo malunga nokomeleza ngakumbi uLawulo loNgcoliseko lwePlastiki" ngo-2020, ikhuthaza ukuncitshiswa kokusetyenziswa kweplastiki, ikhuthaza ezinye iimveliso zeeplastiki ezinokubola, kwaye icebisa "ukufikelela incopho yekhabhoni ngo-2030 kwaye kuzuzwe ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni ngo-2060" ekujoliswe kuko kwekhabhoni ezimbini.Ukusukela ngoko, i-China ikhuphe iSicwangciso se-14 seminyaka emihlanu yePlastiki yokuLawula ukuNgcoliseka kwePlastiki ngo-2021, ekhankanya ngokukodwa ukuba kuyimfuneko ukukhuthaza ukucuthwa kwemveliso yeplastiki kunye nokusetyenziswa kumthombo, kwaye ngokwesayensi nangokuthe gqolo ukukhuthaza indawo yeplastiki. iimveliso.Ngomhla wama-28 kuMeyi ka-2021, i-ASEAN yakhupha “iSicwangciso sokuSebenza seNgingqi sokujongana neNkunkuma yePlastiki yaseMarine 2021-2025″, ejolise ekuvakaliseni ukuzimisela kwe-ASEAN ukusombulula ingxaki ekhulayo yokungcoliseka kwenkunkuma yaselwandle kule minyaka mihlanu izayo.
Ukusukela ngo-2022, ngaphezulu kwamazwe angama-140 aqulunqe ngokucacileyo okanye akhupha ukuvalwa kweplastiki okufanelekileyo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yokuthintela iplastiki.Ukongezelela, iindibano ezininzi zezizwe ngezizwe nemibutho yezizwe ngezizwe nazo zithabatha amanyathelo okuxhasa uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe ukunciphisa nokuphelisa iimveliso zeplastiki, ukukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwezinye izinto, nokulungelelanisa imigaqo-nkqubo yemizi-mveliso nezorhwebo ukuze kuncitshiswe ungcoliso lweplastiki.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba kwiseshoni yesihlanu yeNgqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ngezokusingqongileyo (UNEA-5.2), eza kuqhutywa ukususela ngoFebruwari 28 ukuya kutsho ngoMatshi 2, 2022, amazwe angamalungu eZizwe Ezimanyeneyo aye afikelela kwisivumelwano sokuqulunqa isivumelwano esibophelela ngokusemthethweni. isivumelwano samazwe ngamazwe sokulwa ungcoliseko lweplastiki.Sesinye sezona ntshukumo zinebhongo zokusingqongileyo kwihlabathi liphela ukusukela kwi-1989 Montreal Protocol.
(2) “Ukutshintsha iplastiki ngoqalo” yindlela ephumelelayo yokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweplastiki
Ukufumana izinto ezithatha indawo yeplastiki yindlela esebenzayo yokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweeplastiki kunye nokunciphisa ungcoliseko lweplastiki ukusuka kumthombo, kwaye ikwayenye yemilinganiselo ebalulekileyo yokusabela kwihlabathi kwingxaki yongcoliseko lweplastiki.Izinto eziphilayo ezonakeleyo njengengqolowa kunye neendiza zinokuthatha indawo yeplastiki.Kodwa phakathi kwazo zonke izixhobo zeplastiki, i-bamboo ineenzuzo ezizodwa.
I-bamboo sesona sityalo sikhula ngokukhawuleza ehlabathini.Uphononongo lubonise ukuba iqondo eliphezulu lokukhula kwe-bamboo li-1.21 yeemitha kwiiyure ezingama-24, kwaye ukukhula okuphezulu kunye nokutyebileyo kunokugqitywa kwiinyanga ezi-2-3.I-bamboo ivuthwa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ingaba yihlathi kwiminyaka emi-3-5, kwaye amahlumela e-bamboo ahlaziywa rhoqo ngonyaka, kunye nesivuno esikhulu, kunye nokukhula kwamahlathi ngexesha elinye kunokusetyenziswa ngokuqhubekayo.I-bamboo isasazwe ngokubanzi kwaye inomlinganiselo omkhulu wobutyebi.Zili-1,642 iintlobo zezityalo zoqalo ezaziwayo ehlabathini.Kuyaziwa ukuba kukho amazwe angama-39 anommandla wamahlathi e-bamboo angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-50 zeehektare kunye nemveliso yonyaka yeetoni ze-bamboo ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-600.Phakathi kwazo, kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-857 zezityalo zoqalo eTshayina, yaye ummandla wamahlathi woqalo uziihektare ezizigidi ezi-6.41.Ngokusekelwe kumjikelezo wonyaka wama-20%, i-70 yezigidi zeetoni ze-bamboo kufuneka zisikwe ngokujikeleziswa.Okwangoku, ixabiso lilonke lemveliso yelizwe loqalo lingaphezulu kwama-300 eebhiliyoni zeeyuan, kwaye liya kugqitha kwi-700 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2025.
Iimpawu zendalo ezikhethekileyo ze-bamboo zenza ukuba ibe yeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo yeplastiki.I-bamboo yimathiriyeli ekumgangatho ophezulu ehlaziyekayo, enokuphinda isetyenziswe, kunye neyonakaliswayo yokusingqongileyo, kwaye ineempawu zokuqina okuphezulu, ukuqina okuhle, ukuqina okuphezulu, kunye neplastiki elungileyo.Ngamafutshane, i-bamboo inoluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa, kwaye iimveliso ze-bamboo zahlukene kwaye zizityebi.Ngokuhambela phambili kwesayensi kunye netekhnoloji, imimandla yokusetyenziswa kwe-bamboo iya ikhula ngakumbi.Okwangoku, zingaphezulu kwe-10,000 iintlobo zeemveliso ze-bamboo eziphuhlisiwe, ezibandakanya yonke imiba yemveliso kunye nobomi njengempahla, ukutya, izindlu kunye nokuthutha.
Iimveliso ze-bamboo zigcina amanqanaba ekhabhoni ephantsi kunye neenyawo zekhabhoni ezingalunganga kumjikelo wabo wobomi.Phantsi kwemvelaphi “yekhabhoni ephindwe kabini”, ukufunxwa kwekhabhoni ye-bamboo kunye nomsebenzi wokuthinjwa kubaluleke kakhulu.Ngokombono wenkqubo ye-carbon sink, xa kuthelekiswa neemveliso zeplastiki, iimveliso ze-bamboo zine-carbon footprint engalunganga.Iimveliso ze-bamboo zinokutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo ngokwemvelo emva kokusetyenziswa, ezinokuthi zikhusele kangcono indawo kunye nempilo yabantu.Ubalo lubonisa ukuba amandla okuhluthwa kwekhabhoni kumahlathi e-bamboo angaphezulu lee kunemithi eqhelekileyo, ngokuphindwe nge-1.46 kunomsipres waseTshayina kunye ne-1.33 ngokuphindwe kayi-1,33 kumahlathi ashinyeneyo akweleenjiko.Amahlathi e-Bamboo e-China anokunciphisa ikhabhoni nge-197 yezigidi zeetoni kwaye ahluthe i-105 yezigidi zeetoni zekhabhoni minyaka yonke, kwaye isixa esipheleleyo sokuncitshiswa kwekhabhoni kunye nokuhluthwa kuya kufikelela kwi-302 yezigidi zeetoni.Ukuba ihlabathi lisebenzisa i-600 yezigidi zeetoni ze-bamboo ukutshintsha iimveliso ze-PVC minyaka yonke, kuqikelelwa ukuba iitoni ezi-4 zeebhiliyoni zokukhutshwa kwe-carbon dioxide ziya kuncitshiswa.Ngamafutshane, "ukutshintsha iplastiki nge-bamboo" kunokudlala indima ekuhombiseni indalo, ukunciphisa i-carbon kunye nokuhluthwa kwekhabhoni, ukuphuhlisa uqoqosho, ukwandisa ingeniso kunye nobutyebi.Isenokwanelisa imfuno yabantu yemveliso ye-ikholoji kwaye iphucule imvakalelo yabantu yolonwabo nenzuzo.
Uphando kunye nophuhliso kunye nokuveliswa kwenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe baye bakwazi ukutshintsha inani elikhulu leemveliso zeplastiki.Umzekelo: imibhobho yokujija ngoqalo.Itekhnoloji ye-bamboo ehlanganisiweyo edibeneyo yetekhnoloji iphuhliswe ngokudibeneyo yi-Zhejiang Xinzhou Bamboo-based Composite Material Technology Co., Ltd. kunye ne-International Bamboo kunye ne-Rattan Centre, njengeteknoloji yokusetyenziswa kwe-bamboo yexabiso eliphezulu, emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwe-10 yophando kunye uphuhliso, waphinda wahlaziya ishishini laseTshayina le-bamboo emhlabeni.ukuphakama kwehlabathi.Uthotho lweemveliso ezifana ne-bamboo winding composite imibhobho, iigalari zemibhobho, iikhareji zikaloliwe ezinesantya esiphezulu, kunye nezindlu eziveliswe ngobu buchwepheshe zinokuthatha indawo yeemveliso zeplastiki ngobuninzi.Ayisiyiyo kuphela imathiriyeli ehlaziywayo kunye ne-carbon sequestering, kodwa ukusetyenzwa kunokuphumeza ukonga amandla, ukuncitshiswa kwekhabhoni, kunye ne-biodegradability.Iindleko nazo ziphantsi.Ukusukela ngo-2022, i-bamboo winding composite imibhobho iye yathandwa kwaye yasetyenziswa kunikezelo lwamanzi kunye neeprojekthi zokuhambisa amanzi, kwaye yangena kwinqanaba lokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso.Kwakhiwe imizila emithandathu yokuvelisa, kwaye ubude beprojekthi bufikelele kwiikhilomitha ezingaphezu kwama-300.Le teknoloji inamathuba amahle okusebenza ekutshintsheni iiplastiki zobunjineli kwixesha elizayo.
Ukupakishwa kwe-bamboo.Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini lolungiselelo, ukuthumela nokufumana unikezelo olukhawulezayo kube yinxalenye yobomi babantu.Ngokwedatha evela kwi-State Post Bureau, ishishini laseTshayina lokuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza livelisa malunga ne-1.8 yezigidi zeetoni zenkunkuma yeplastiki minyaka le.Ukupakishwa kwe-bamboo kuya kuba yeyona nto ithandwayo kwiinkampani ezikhawulezayo.Zininzi iintlobo zokupakishwa kwe-bamboo, ngakumbi kubandakanya ukupakishwa kwe-bamboo, ukupakishwa kwe-bamboo sheet, ukupakishwa kwe-bamboo lathe, ukupakishwa kweentambo, ukupakishwa kwe-bamboo eluhlaza, umgangatho wesikhongozeli njalo njalo.Ukupakishwa kwe-bamboo kunokufakwa kwipakethe yangaphandle yeemveliso ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngoononkala abanoboya, amadombolo erayisi, amaqebengwana enyanga, iziqhamo, kunye neemveliso ezizodwa.Kwaye emva kokuba imveliso isetyenzisiwe, ukupakishwa kwe-bamboo kungasetyenziselwa umhlobiso okanye ibhokisi yokugcina, okanye ibhasikidi yemifuno yokuthenga imihla ngemihla, enokuthi isetyenziswe kwakhona ngamaxesha amaninzi, kwaye ingaphinda isetyenziswe ukulungisa i-bamboo charcoal, njl. enokuphinda isetyenziswe kwakhona.
Ukuzaliswa kwe-bamboo lattice.Inqaba yokupholisa luhlobo lwezixhobo zokupholisa ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizityalo zamandla, izityalo zemichiza, kunye nezixhobo zentsimbi.Ukusebenza kwayo kokupholisa kunempembelelo enkulu ekusebenziseni amandla kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kwamandla kweyunithi.Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenqaba yokupholisa, ukuphuculwa kokuqala kukupakishwa kwenqaba yokupholisa.Okwangoku inqaba yokupholisa ikakhulu isebenzisa iPVC yokugcwalisa iplastiki.Ukupakishwa kwe-bamboo kungathatha indawo yePVC yokupakisha iplastiki kwaye inobomi obude benkonzo.I-Jiangsu Hengda Bamboo Packing Co., Ltd. lishishini elaziwayo lokupakisha i-bamboo yeenqaba zokupholisa zamandla ombane oshushu wesizwe, kunye neyunithi yokupakishwa kwe-bamboo yeenqaba zokupholisa zeNkqubo yeTotshi yeSizwe.Iinkampani ezisebenzisa i-bamboo lattice fillers kwiinqaba zokupholisa zinokufaka isicelo senkxaso-mali yekhathalogu yemveliso enekhabhoni ephantsi iminyaka emihlanu ilandelelana.E-China kuphela, inqaba yokupholisa yonyaka yokupakisha i-bamboo isikali semarike idlula i-120 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan.Kwixesha elizayo, imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe iya kuqulunqwa, enokuthi ikhuthazwe kwaye isetyenziswe kwimarike yehlabathi.
I-bamboo grill.Iindleko ze-carbonized bamboo ephothiweyo i-geogrid iphantsi kakhulu kunegridi yeplastiki esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, kwaye ineenzuzo ezicacileyo ekomeleleni, ukumelana nemozulu, ukucaca, kunye nomthamo wokuthwala ngokubanzi.Iimveliso zinokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunyango lwesiseko esithambileyo soololiwe, oohola bendlela, kwizikhululo zeenqwelomoya, iidokhi, kunye neendawo zokugcina amanzi, kwaye zinokusetyenziswa kwiziko lezolimo ezifana nokutyala kunye nokufuya iminatha yocingo, i-scaffolding yezityalo, njl.
Kule mihla, ukutshintshwa kweemveliso zeplastiki nge-bamboo kuya kuxhaphaka ngakumbi kuthi.Ukusuka kwi-bamboo tableware elahlayo, i-interiors yemoto, i-casings yemveliso ye-elektroniki, izixhobo zezemidlalo ukuya kwipakethe yemveliso, izixhobo zokukhusela, njl., iimveliso ze-bamboo zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo."Ukutshintsha iplastiki nge-bamboo" akuphelelanga kubuchwepheshe obukhoyo kunye neemveliso, kunamathemba abanzi kunye nokulinda okungenamkhawulo ukuba kufunyanwe.
"Ukutshintsha iplastiki nge-bamboo" kunentsingiselo ebalulekileyo ye-epochal kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo lwehlabathi:
(1) Ukusabela kwiminqweno efanayo yoluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe ukukhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo.I-bamboo isasazwe ngokubanzi kwihlabathi jikelele.Njengelizwe elibamba i-International Bamboo kunye ne-Rattan Organisation kunye nelizwe elikhulu loshishino lwe-bamboo emhlabeni, i-China ikhuthaza ngenkuthalo itekhnoloji ephezulu kunye namava oshishino lwe-bamboo kwihlabathi, kwaye yenza konke okusemandleni ayo ukunceda amazwe asakhulayo ukuba asebenzise ngokufanelekileyo izixhobo ze-bamboo. ukuphucula indlela abasabela ngayo kutshintsho lwemozulu nakungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo.imiba yehlabathi efana nentlupheko kunye nobuhlwempu obugqithisileyo.Uphuhliso loshishino lwe-bamboo kunye ne-rattan ludlale indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni intsebenziswano yaseMzantsi-South kwaye iye yadunyiswa ngokubanzi ngabantu bamazwe ngamazwe.Ukuqala eTshayina, "ukutshintsha iplastiki nge-bamboo" kuya kukhokelela kwihlabathi ngokudibeneyo ukwenza inguqu eluhlaza, ukukhuthaza ukufezekiswa kweenjongo zophuhliso oluzinzileyo lweZizwe eziManyeneyo, kunye nokukhuthaza ukufezekiswa kophuhliso oluzinzileyo olunamandla, oluluhlaza kunye nolunempilo kwihlabathi. .
(2) Ukuziqhelanisa nemithetho yenjongo yokuhlonipha indalo, ukuhambelana nendalo, kunye nokukhusela indalo.Ungcoliseko lweplastiki lolona ngcoliseko olukhulu ehlabathini, uninzi lwalo lugxile elwandle.Iintlanzi ezininzi zaselwandle zinamasuntswana eplastiki kwimithambo yegazi.Iminenga emininzi iye yabulawa kukuginya iplastiki… Kuthatha iminyaka engama-200 ukuba iplastiki ibole emva kokuba ingcwatywe emhlabeni, kwaye iye yaginywa zizilwanyana elwandle… …Ukuba le meko iyaqhubeka, ngaba abantu basenokufumana ukutya kwaselwandle elwandle?Ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu luyaqhubeka, ngaba abantu bayasinda kwaye baphuhle?"Ukutshintsha iplastiki nge-bamboo" ihambelana nemithetho yendalo kwaye ingaba lukhetho olubalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni okuqhubekayo kwabantu.
(3) Ukuthobela ingqikelelo ye-ecological yophuhliso lohlaza olubandakanyayo, ulahle ngokuqinisekileyo uqheliselo olufutshane lokuncama indalo kuphuhliso lwexeshana, kwaye usoloko unamathela kumiselo lwesicwangciso solungelelwaniso kunye nobunye bophuhliso loqoqosho nentlalo kunye nokhuseleko lwendalo kunye nokusingqongileyo. , kunye nokuhlalisana ngemvisiswano komntu nendalo.Olu lutshintsho kwindlela yophuhliso."Ukutshintsha iplastiki kunye ne-bamboo" kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu ezihlaziyiweyo kunye ne-recyclable ze-bamboo, kunye nendalo ephantsi yekhabhoni yomjikelezo wemveliso ye-bamboo, iya kukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kweemodeli zemveli zemveliso, ukukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwexabiso lendalo le-bamboo. izibonelelo, kunye nokuguqula ngokwenene inzuzo ye-ikholoji ukwenzela inzuzo yezoqoqosho.Oku kukulungelelaniswa kwesakhiwo soshishino."Ukutshintsha iplastiki nge-bamboo" ithobela isalathiso ngokubanzi senguquko yetekhnoloji yangoku kunye noguqulo lwemizi-mveliso, ithatha ithuba lophuhliso lotshintsho oluluhlaza, iqhuba izinto ezintsha, ikhuthaza uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwamashishini ohlaza, kwaye ikhuthaza ukuphuculwa kunye nokuphuculwa kwesakhiwo semizi-mveliso.
Eli lixesha elizele yimiceli mngeni, kodwa ikwalixesha elizele lithemba.Inyathelo elithi "Buyisela iPlastiki nge-Bamboo" iya kufakwa kuluhlu lweziphumo ze-Global Development High-Level Dialogue ngoJuni 24, 2022. Ukufakwa kuluhlu lweziphumo ze-Global Development High-Level Dialogue yindawo entsha yokuqalisa. "ukutshintsha iplastiki nge-bamboo".Kweli nqanaba lokuqala, iTshayina, njengelizwe elikhulu le-bamboo, ibonise uxanduva kunye noxanduva olufanelekileyo.Oku kukuthenjwa kwehlabathi kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwe-bamboo, kwaye ikwakukwaziwa kunye nokulindela uphuhliso lwehlabathi.Ngokusungulwa kwetekhnoloji yokusetyenziswa kwe-bamboo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-bamboo kuya kuba banzi, kwaye ukuxhotyiswa kwayo kwimveliso kunye nobomi kunye nazo zonke iindlela zobomi ziya kuba namandla kwaye zomelele.Ngokukodwa, "ukutshintsha iplastiki nge-bamboo" kuya kukhuthaza ngamandla ukuguqulwa kwesantya sokukhula, ubuchwephesha obuphezulu Ukutshintsha kokusetyenziswa okuluhlaza, ukuphuculwa kokusetyenziswa okuluhlaza, kwaye ngale ndlela utshintshe ubomi, uphucule indawo, ukhuthaze ukwakhiwa kwendawo yokuhlala. ikhaya elihle ngakumbi, elinempilo nelizinzileyo eliluhlaza, kwaye uqaphele utshintsho oluluhlaza ngendlela ebanzi.
Indlela yokuphumeza inyathelo elithi "bamboo endaweni yeplastiki".
Ngaphantsi kwexesha lexesha lokuphendula kwehlabathi ekutshintsheni kwemozulu kunye nokulawulwa kokungcola kweplastiki, i-bamboo kunye ne-rattan inokubonelela ngoluhlu lweengxaki eziphuthumayo zehlabathi ezifana nokungcola kweplastiki kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu ngokusekelwe kwindalo;ishishini le-bamboo kunye ne-rattan liya kuba negalelo kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo lwamazwe asaphuhlayo kunye nemimandla.Uphuhliso oluzinzileyo kunye nenguquko eluhlaza;kukho ukungafani kwezobuchwepheshe, izakhono, imigaqo-nkqubo, kunye nokuqonda ekuphuhliseni i-bamboo kunye ne-rattan industry phakathi kwamazwe kunye nemimandla, kwaye kuyimfuneko ukuqulunqa izicwangciso zophuhliso kunye nezisombululo ezintsha ngokweemeko zendawo.Ukujongana nekamva, indlela yokukhuthaza ngokupheleleyo ukuphunyezwa kwesicwangciso sesenzo "sokubuyisela i-bamboo ngeplastiki"?Indlela yokukhuthaza amazwe emhlabeni jikelele ukuba afake inyathelo elithi "Bamboo for Plastic" kwiinkqubo ezininzi zomgaqo-nkqubo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo?Umbhali ukholelwa ukuba kukho ezi ngongoma zilandelayo.
(1) Yakha iqonga lentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe elijoliswe kwi-International Bamboo kunye ne-Rattan Organisation ukukhuthaza isenzo "sokutshintsha iplastiki nge-bamboo".I-International Bamboo kunye neRattan Organisation ayingomqalisi wenyathelo elithi "Buyisela iPlastiki ngeBamboo", kodwa ikwakhuthaze "Buyisela iPlastiki ngeBamboo" ngendlela yeengxelo okanye iintetho kwizihlandlo ezininzi ukusukela ngo-Epreli 2019. NgoDisemba ka-2019, i I-International Bamboo kunye noMbutho we-Rattan wajoyina izandla kunye ne-International Bamboo kunye ne-Rattan Centre ukubamba umcimbi wecala "Ukutshintsha iPlastiki kunye ne-Bamboo ukujongana noTshintsho lweMozulu" ngexesha leNgqungquthela ye-25 yeZizwe eziManyeneyo zoTshintsho lweMozulu ukuxoxa ngekhono le-bamboo ekusombululeni ingxaki yeplastiki yehlabathi. kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kongcoliseko kunye nembonakalo.Ekupheleni kukaDisemba ka-2020, kwiForam ye-Boao International Plastic Ban Industry, i-International Bamboo kunye ne-Rattan Organisation iququzelele umboniso "Buyisela iPlastiki nge-Bamboo" kunye namaqabane, kwaye yazisa inqaku eliphambili kwimiba efana nokunciphisa ungcoliseko lweplastiki, imveliso yeplastiki elahlayo. ulawulo kunye neemveliso ezizezinye Ingxelo kunye nothotho lweentetho zazisa izisombululo ze-bamboo ezisekelwe kwindalo kumcimbi wehlabathi jikelele wokuvinjelwa kweplastiki kunye nokunciphisa iplastiki, okutsale ingqalelo enkulu kubathathi-nxaxheba.Umbhali ukholelwa ukuba phantsi kwemvelaphi enjalo, ukusekwa kweqonga lentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe ukukhuthaza isenzo "sokutshintsha iplastiki kunye ne-bamboo" esekelwe kwi-International Bamboo kunye ne-Rattan Organisation, kwaye isebenze kwiinkalo ezininzi ezifana nokuqulunqwa komgaqo-nkqubo, iteknoloji entsha, kunye unyuso lwengxowa-mali luya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo.isiphumo esihle.Iqonga lijongene nokuxhasa kunye nokunceda amazwe ehlabathini lonke ukuba aqulunqe kwaye akhuthaze imigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo;ukwenza nzulu intsebenziswano yezenzululwazi kunye nezobuchwepheshe "yokutshintsha i-bamboo kwiplastiki", ukusungula ukusetyenziswa, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokubekwa emgangathweni kweemveliso ze-bamboo zeplastiki, nokudala iimeko zokusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe obutsha kunye nophuhliso lweemveliso ezintsha;Uphando olutsha ngophuhliso loqoqosho oluluhlaza, ukwanda kwengqesho, uphuhliso lweshishini elisezantsi kunye nokongezwa kwexabiso;kwiinkomfa eziphakamileyo zehlabathi ezifana neNgqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo, iNkomfa yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yoTshintsho lweMozulu, iNkomfa yeHlabathi yezaMahlathi, i-China International Fair for Trade in Services, kunye ne "World Earth Day" Ngeentsuku ezibalulekileyo zemixholo yezizwe ngezizwe kunye neentsuku zesikhumbuzo ezifana Usuku lweHlabathi lokusiNgqongileyo kunye noMhla weHlabathi weHlathi, qhuba ukuthengisa kunye nopapasho "lokutshintsha iplastiki nge-bamboo".
(2) Ukuphucula uyilo olukumgangatho ophezulu kwinqanaba lesizwe ngokukhawuleza, ukuseka inkqubo yengxoxo yamazwe amaninzi, ukuseka iqonga leemeko zentsebenziswano yezenzululwazi nezobuchwepheshe, ukuququzelela uphando oludibeneyo, ukuphucula ixabiso leemveliso zeplastiki ngokusebenzisa uhlaziyo kunye nokuphunyezwa kwemigangatho efanelekileyo, kunye nokwakha inkqubo yendlela yokuthengisa yehlabathi, Iinzame kufuneka zenziwe ukukhuthaza uphando kunye nophuhliso, ukukhuthazwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemveliso "yokutshintsha i-bamboo yeplastiki".
Khuthaza uphuhliso oludityanisiweyo lwe-bamboo kunye ne-rattan kumanqanaba kazwelonke kunye nommandla, ukuvelisa ikhonkco loshishino lwe-bamboo kunye ne-rattan kunye nekhonkco lexabiso, ukuseka i-bamboo kunye ne-rattan ecacileyo kunye nekhonkco lokubonelela nge-rattan, kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso olukhulu lwe-bamboo kunye neshishini le-rattan. .Yenza imeko-bume efanelekileyo yophuhliso lweshishini le-bamboo kunye ne-rattan, kwaye ukhuthaze ukuxhamla kunye kunye nentsebenziswano yokuphumelela phakathi kwamashishini e-bamboo kunye ne-rattan.Nika ingqalelo indima ye-bamboo kunye namashishini e-rattan kuphuhliso loqoqosho lwekhabhoni ephantsi, uqoqosho olunenzuzo yendalo, kunye noqoqosho lwesetyhula eluhlaza.Khusela i-biodiversity kunye nemisebenzi ye-ecosystem ye-bamboo kunye neendawo zokuvelisa i-rattan kunye nokusingqongileyo.Thetha iipateni zokusetyenziswa ezijolise kuncedo lwendalo kwaye uhlakulele umkhwa wabathengi wokuthenga i-bamboo ehambelana nokusingqongileyo kunye ne-traceable bamboo kunye neemveliso zerattan.
(3) Ukwandisa inzululwazi kunye neteknoloji entsha "yokutshintsha iplastiki nge-bamboo" kunye nokukhuthaza ukwabelana ngeempumelelo zesayensi kunye nezobuchwepheshe.Okwangoku, ukuphunyezwa "kokutshintsha iplastiki nge-bamboo" kunokwenzeka.Izixhobo zeBamboo zininzi, izinto eziphathekayo zigqwesile, kwaye iteknoloji inokwenzeka.Uphando kunye nophuhliso lobuchwephesha obuphambili bokulungiswa komququ womgangatho, uphando kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji ephambili ye-bamboo winding composite tube processing, uphando kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokwenziwa kwebhokisi ye-bamboo pulp ebunjiweyo, kunye novavanyo lokusebenza kweemveliso ezintsha zisebenzisa i-bamboo endaweni iplastiki.Kwangaxeshanye, kukwayimfuneko ukwenza ulwakhiwo lwamandla kumaqela afanelekileyo kwishishini le-bamboo kunye ne-rattan, kugxilwe kuphuhliso lwamashishini asezantsi ngenjongo yokongeza ixabiso kwiimveliso eziphambili kunye nokwandisa ikhonkco leshishini, kunye nokulima iingcali Ushishino lwe-bamboo kunye ne-rattan, imveliso, ulawulo lokusebenza, umgangatho wemveliso kunye nesiqinisekiso, imali eluhlaza kunye norhwebo.Nangona kunjalo, "ukutshintsha iplastiki nge-bamboo" iimveliso kufuneka zomeleze uphando olunzulu kunye nophuhliso kwaye wenze nzulu utshintshiselwano lwezenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe kunye nentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe.Umzekelo: yonke imveliso ye-bamboo ingasetyenziswa kulwakhiwo lwemizi-mveliso, ukuthutha, njl.njl., okuyindlela ebalulekileyo kunye nesayensi yokwakhiwa kwempucuko yendalo yabantu kwixesha elizayo.I-Bamboo kunye neenkuni zinokudibaniswa ngokugqibeleleyo ukukhuthaza ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kwishishini lokwakha.Uphononongo lubonise ukuba i-40% yongcoliseko lwenkunkuma eqinileyo ivela kushishino lokwakha.Ishishini lokwakha linoxanduva lokuncipha kwezixhobo kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu.Oku kufuna ukusetyenziswa kwamahlathi alawulwa ngokuzinzileyo ukuze kubonelelwe ngezinto ezivuselelekayo.Ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ye-bamboo kuphantsi kakhulu, kwaye izixhobo zokwakha ezininzi ze-bamboo zinokuveliswa ukufezekisa iziphumo ezinkulu zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa.Omnye umzekelo: injongo eqhelekileyo ye-INBAR kunye ne-Food and Agriculture Organisation yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kukuguqula inkqubo yokutya kunye nezolimo kunye nokuphucula ukuqina kwayo.Iipropathi ezingonakali kunye nezingcolisayo zeplastiki zibeka isoyikiso esikhulu kwinguqu yokutya nezolimo.Namhlanje, izigidi ezingama-50 zeetoni zeplastiki zisetyenziswa kwikhonkco lexabiso lezolimo kwihlabathi.Ukuba "ukutshintsha iplastiki nge-bamboo" kwaye ithathelwe indawo ngezinto zendalo, iya kukwazi ukugcina imithombo yendalo ye-FAO yezempilo.Akunzima ukubona kule nto ukuba imarike "yokutshintsha iplastiki nge-bamboo" inkulu.Ukuba sinyusa uphando kunye nophuhliso lwenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe obutsha ngendlela ejolise kwimarike, sinokuvelisa iimveliso ezininzi ezithatha indawo yeplastiki kwaye sikhuthaze imeko-bume ehambelanayo yehlabathi.
(4) Ukukhuthaza ukukhuthazwa kunye nokuphunyezwa "kokutshintsha i-bamboo kwiplastiki" ngokusayina amaxwebhu asemthethweni okubopha.Kwiseshoni yesihlanu eyehlayo yeNgqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yokusiNgqongileyo (UNEA-5.2), eza kubanjwa ukususela ngoFebruwari 28 ukuya kutsho ngoMatshi 2, 2022, amazwe angamalungu eZizwe eziManyeneyo afikelele kwisivumelwano sokuqulunqa isivumelwano esibophelela ngokusemthethweni ngothethathethwano phakathi koorhulumente.Isivumelwano samazwe ngamazwe sokulwa ungcoliseko lweplastiki.Sesinye sezona ntshukumo zinebhongo zokusingqongileyo kwihlabathi liphela ukusukela kwi-1989 Montreal Protocol.Okwangoku, amazwe amaninzi ehlabathini apasise imithetho yokuthintela okanye ukunciphisa ukwenziwa, ukungenisa, ukuhanjiswa nokuthengiswa kweeplastiki, ngethemba lokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweeplastiki ezilahlwayo ngokunciphisa iplastiki kunye nokusetyenziswa okunoxanduva, ukuze kukhuselwe ngcono impilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo. ukhuseleko.Ukutshintsha iplastiki nge-bamboo kunokunciphisa ungcoliseko olubangelwa yiplastiki, ngakumbi i-microplastics, kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweeplastiki ngokupheleleyo.Ukuba isixhobo somthetho esibophezelayo esifana ne "Kyoto Protocol" sisayinwe kwinqanaba lehlabathi ukulwa nokungcola kweplastiki, kuya kukhuthaza kakhulu ukukhuthazwa kunye nokuphunyezwa "kokutshintsha iplastiki nge-bamboo".
(5) Ukuseka i-Global Fund ye "Plastiki yokutshintsha nge-Bamboo" ukuncedisa kwi-R & D, ukupapashwa kunye nokukhuthazwa kweteknoloji yokutshintsha iplastiki nge-bamboo.Iimali zisisiqinisekiso esibalulekileyo sokukhuthaza ukuxhotyiswa ngezakhono "Ukutshintsha iPlastiki ngeBamboo".Kucetyiswa ukuba phantsi kwesakhelo se-International Bamboo and Rattan Organisation, i-Global Fund "yokutshintsha iPlastiki ngeBamboo" isekwe."Ukubonelela ngenkxaso yemali yokwakhiwa kwezakhono ezifana nophando lwezenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe kunye nophuhliso, ukukhuthazwa kwemveliso, kunye noqeqesho lweprojekthi ekuphunyezweni kwephulo lokunciphisa ungcoliseko lweplastiki kunye negalelo kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo lwehlabathi.Umzekelo: ukuxhasa ulwakhiwo lwamaziko e-bamboo kumazwe afanelekileyo ukubanceda baphuhlise amashishini e-bamboo kunye ne-rattan;ukuxhasa amazwe afanelekileyo ukuba aqhube uqeqesho lwezakhono zokuluka i-bamboo, ukuphucula ukukwazi kwabemi kumazwe ukwenza imisebenzi yezandla kunye neemfuno zemihla ngemihla zekhaya, kwaye zibenze bakwazi ukufumana izakhono zokuphila, njl.
(6) Ngeenkomfa zamazwe ngamazwe, amajelo eendaba esizwe kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zemisebenzi yamazwe ngamazwe, ukwandisa ukupapashwa ukuze “ukutshintsha iplastiki nge-bamboo” yamkelwe ngabantu abaninzi.Inyathelo "lokutshintsha iplastiki nge-bamboo" ngokwalo sisiphumo sokukhuthazwa okuqhubekayo kunye nokukhuthazwa kwe-International Bamboo kunye ne-Rattan Organisation.Iinzame ze-International Bamboo kunye ne-Rattan Organisation zokukhuthaza ilizwi kunye nesenzo "sokutshintsha iplastiki nge-bamboo" iyaqhubeka."Ukutshintsha iplastiki nge-bamboo" kuye kwatsala ingqalelo engakumbi, kwaye kuye kwaqatshelwa kwaye kwamkelwa ngamaziko amaninzi kunye nabantu ngabanye.NgoMatshi ka-2021, i-International Bamboo kunye ne-Rattan Organisation yabamba intetho ye-intanethi kumxholo othi "Ukutshintsha iPlastiki ngeBamboo", kwaye abathathi-nxaxheba be-intanethi baphendule ngomdla.NgoSeptemba, i-International Bamboo kunye ne-Rattan Organisation yathatha inxaxheba kwi-2021 yaseChina International Fair yezoRhwebo kwiiNkonzo kunye nokuseka umboniso okhethekileyo we-bamboo kunye ne-rattan ukubonisa ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kwe-bamboo ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kweplastiki kunye nophuhliso oluluhlaza, kunye neenzuzo zayo ezibalaseleyo. ekuphuhliseni uqoqosho lwesetyhula ephantsi kwekhabhoni, kwaye udibanise izandla kunye neChina I-Bamboo Industry Association kunye ne-International Bamboo kunye ne-Rattan Centre ibambe isemina yamazwe ngamazwe "Ukutshintsha iPlastiki nge-Bamboo" ukuxoxa nge-bamboo njengesisombululo esisekelwe kwindalo.U-Jiang Zehui, u-Co-Sihlalo weBhodi ye-INBAR yabaLawuli, kunye no-Mu Qiumu, uMlawuli-Jikelele we-Secretariat ye-INBAR, banike iintetho zevidiyo kumsitho wokuvula isemina.Ngo-Oktobha, ngexesha le-11th China Bamboo Culture Festival eyayibanjelwe eYibin, eSichuan, i-International Bamboo kunye ne-Rattan Organisation yabamba ingqungquthela ethi "Ukutshintsha iPlastiki nge-Bamboo" ukuxoxa ngemigaqo-nkqubo yokuthintela ukungcola kunye nokulawula ukungcola kweplastiki, uphando kwiimveliso zeplastiki ezizezinye kunye namatyala asebenzayo.NgoFebruwari 2022, iSebe leNtsebenziswano yaMazwe ngaMazwe yeSebe lezamaHlathi kunye noLawulo lweGrassland yaseChina licebise ukuba i-INBAR ingenise inyathelo lophuhliso lwehlabathi "Ukutshintsha iPlastiki ngeBamboo" kwiSebe leMicimbi yezaNgaphandle yaseChina, ekuphenduleni isiphakamiso sikaMongameli Xi Jinping xa yena. waye kwingxoxo-mpikiswano jikelele yeseshoni yama-76 yeNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ngamaphulo amathandathu ophuhliso lwehlabathi.I-International Bamboo kunye ne-Rattan Organisation yavumelana ngokukhawuleza kwaye yalungiselela izindululo ze-5, kubandakanywa ukuqulunqa imigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo "yokutshintsha iplastiki nge-bamboo", ukukhuthaza ukusungulwa kwenzululwazi kunye neteknoloji "yokutshintsha iplastiki nge-bamboo", ukukhuthaza uphando lwesayensi "ngokutshintsha iplastiki nge-bamboo", kunye ukukhuthaza "ukutshintsha iplastiki nge-bamboo".Iplastiki "yokukhuthazwa kweemarike kunye nokwandisa ukupapashwa "kokutshintsha i-bamboo yeplastiki".
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-28-2023
